40. 在撰写本书时，阿富汗仍不肯正式承认与巴基斯坦的边界；印度和巴基斯坦对克什米尔地区有争议；印度和中国就阿克赛钦和藏南地区争执不下，1962年还因领土争端打了一仗；印度和孟加拉国表示愿意谈判解决两国在彼此领土上几十个飞地的问题，但没有达成协议，还因在这些领土上巡逻的问题发生过衝突。
41. See Pew Research Center Forum on Religion and Public Life,The Global Religious Landscape: A Report on the Size and Distribution of the World’s Major Religious Groups as of 2010(Washington, D.C.: Pew Research Center, 2012), 22.
42. “European Russia,” or Russia west of the Ural Mountains, constitutes roughly the westernmost quarter of Russia’s landmass.
第六章 通往亚洲秩序之路：对抗还是伙伴关係？
1. See Mark Mancall, “The Ch’ing Tribute System: An Interpretive Essay,” inThe Chinese World Order, ed. John K. Fairbank (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1968), 63.
2. See Mark Mancall,China at the Center: 300 Years of Foreign Policy(New York: Free Press, 1984), 16–20; Jonathan Spence, The Search for Modern China,2nd ed. (New York: W. W. Norton, 1999), 197 202.
3. Ying-shih Yü,Trade and Expansion in Han China: A Study in the Structure of Sino-Barbarian Economic Relations (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967), 37.
4. Qianlong’s First Edict to King George III (September 1793), inThe Search for Modern China: A Documentary Collection, ed. Pei-kai Cheng, Mi插el Lestz, and Jonathan Spence (New York: W. W. Norton, 1999), 105.
5. 摄政王代乔治三世国王摄政，因为乔治三世得了精神病。
6. “The Emperor of China,”Chinese Recorder 29, no. 10 (1898): 471–73.
7.Papers Relating to Foreign Affairs Accompanying the Annual Message of the President to the First Session of the Thirty-eighth Congress (Washington, D. C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1864), Document No. 33 (“Mr. Burlingame to Mr. Seward, Peking, January 29, 1863”), 2:846–48.
8. James Legge,The Chinese Classics; with a Translation, Critical and Exegetical Notes, Prolegomena, and Copious Indexes, vol. 5, pt. 1 (Hong Kong: Lane, Crawford, 1872), 52–53.
9. See Rana Mitter,Forgotten Ally: China’s World War II, 1937–1945 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2013).
10. “Sixty Points on Working Methods——a D