82–91; Amartya Sen,The Argumentative Indian: Writings on Indian History, Culture, and Identity (New York: Picador, 2005), 3–6.
21. See Pye, Asian Power and Politics, 137–41.
22. Kautilya,Arthashastra, trans. L. N. Rangarajan (New Delhi: Penguin Books India, 1992), 6.2.35–37, p. 525.
23. Ibid., 9.1.1, p. 588. Prussia’s Frederick the Great, on the eve of his seizure of the wealthy Austrian province of Silesia roughly two thousand years later, made a similar assessment. See 插pter 1.
24. Ibid., 6.2.39–40, p. 526.
25. Ibid., 9.1.21, p. 589.
26. Ibid., 7.6.14, 15, p. 544.
27. See Roger Boesche,The First Great Political Realist: Kautilya and His “Arthashastra” (Lanham, Md.: Le性ton Books, 2002), 46; Kautilya,Arthashastra, 7.13.43, 7.2.16, 9.1.1–16, pp. 526, 538,588–89.
28. 按照考底利耶的观念，征服四海的统治者的王国是“北起喜马拉雅山，南至大海，自东到西1 000由旬（yojana，古印度长度单位，约相当于11.2公里）的地方”——等于现代的巴基斯坦、印度和孟加拉国的领土之和。Kautilya,Arthashastra, 9.1.17, p. 589.
29. See Boesche,First Great Political Realist, 38–42, 51–54, 88–89.
30. Max Weber, “Politics as a Vocation,” as quoted in ibid., 7.
31.当时，阿育王因宣扬佛教和非暴力而受到崇敬，但他完成了征服大业之后才采纳了这些理念，用它们来加强他的统治。
32. Robert Kaplan,The Revenge of Geography: What the Map Tells Us About Coming Conflicts and the Battle Against Fate(New York: Random House, 2012), 237.
33. John Robert Seeley,The Expansion of England: Two Courses of Lectures (London: Macmillan, 1891), 8.
34. Sir John Strachey,India (London: Kegan, Paul, Trench, 1888),as quoted in Rama插ndra Guha,India After Gandhi: The History of the World’s Largest Democracy(New York: Ecco, 2007), 3.
35. Jawaharlal Nehru, “India’s Foreign Policy” (speech delivered at the Constituent Assembly, New Delhi, December 4, 1947), inIndependence and After: A Collection of Speeches, 1946–1949 (New York: John Day, 1950), 204–5.
36. As quoted in Baldev Raj Nayar and T. V. Paul, India in the World Order:Searching for Major-Power Status(NewYork: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 124–25.
37. As quoted in ibid., 125.
38. Jawaharlal Nehru, “Spee