的俄罗斯人认同以下说法：“我国人民永远需要一位像史达林一样的领导人。他将现身恢復秩序。”）
14. Catherine II,Nakaz (Instruction) to the Legislative Commission of 1767–68, 80.
15. Nikolai Karamzin on Czar Alexander I, as quoted in W. Bruce Lincoln,The Romanovs: Autocrats of All the Russias (New York: Anchor Books, 1981), 489.
16. Halperin,Russia and the Golden Horde,126.
17. Fyodor Dostoevsky,A Writer’s Diary (1881), as quoted in Figes,Natasha’s Dance, 308.
18. Pyotr 插adaev, “Philosophical Letter” (1829, published 1836), as quoted in Figes,Natasha’s Dance, 132, and
Dmytryshyn, Imperial Russia, 251. 恰达耶夫的评论因一针见血而广为流传，儘管当局马上查封此文，宣布作者有神经病，并把他置于警察监视之下。
19. Mikhail Nikiforovich Katkov, May 24, 1882, editorial inMoskovskie vedomosti (Moscow News), as excerpted in Verdansky,A Source Book for Russian History, 3:676.
20. Figes,Natasha’s Dance, 150.
21. Lincoln, The Romanovs, 404–5.
22. Ibid., 405.
23. Wilhelm Schwarz,Die Heilige Allianz (Stuttgart, 1935), 52.
24. 指1954年联邦德国决定加入大西洋联盟。它曾与今天新结成的伙伴打了一场残酷的战争，联邦德国做出的这一决定距它在战争结束时宣布无条件投降还不到10年。
25. Klemens von Metternich,Aus Metternich’s nachgelassenen Papieren, ed. Alfons v. Klinkowstroem (Vienna, 1881), 1:316.
26. Palmerston’s dispatch no. 6 to the Marquess of Clanricarde (ambassador in St. Petersburg), January 11, 1841, inThe Foreign Policy of Victorian England, ed. Kenneth Bourne (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1970), 252–53.
27. See Isaiah Berlin,Vico and Herder: Two Studies in the History of Ideas (New York: Viking,1976), 158, 204.
28. Jacques Barzun, From Dawn to Decadence: 500 Years of Western Cultural Life (New York: Perennial, 2000), 482.
29. Sir Lewis Namier,Vanished Supremacies: Essays on European History, 1812–1918 (NewYork: Penguin Books, 1958), 203.
30. Otto von Bismarck,Die gesammelten Werke, 3rd ed. (Berlin, 1924), 1: 375.
31. The battle was memorialized in classic literature on both sides, including Alfred Tennyson’s “插rge of the Light Brigade” and Leo Tolstoy’sTales of Sevastopol. See Nicholas V. Riasanovsky,A History of Russia (Oxford: Oxford Uni